The Secret Heroes of Our Immune System: Probiotics

The immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects our bodies against diseases. In recent years, research on the positive effects of probiotics on the immune system has increased. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that live in our digestive system and support our health. In this article, we will examine the effects of probiotics on the immune system and the latest research in this field.

The Effects of Probiotics on the Immune System

Probiotics can modulate the immune system in various ways. For example, Bifidobacterium longum strains can promote cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which are immune cells. These strains can redirect immune responses by increasing the production of regulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [1]. Additionally, Lactobacillus species can enhance the immune system by promoting antiviral responses. For example, a mixture of Lactobacillus spp. reduced H9N2 virus replication in immune cells of chickens [2].

Clinical Applications of Probiotics

The clinical applications of probiotics are gaining increasing attention due to their potential to strengthen the immune system. For example, the combined administration of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus salivarius significantly increased intestinal mucosal immunity in piglets [3]. Additionally, probiotics are thought to be useful in the treatment of chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics may regulate the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), promoting the formation of tolerogenic DCs, which can reduce inflammation [4].

Protective Effects of Probiotics Against Fungal and Bacterial Infections

Probiotics not only modulate the immune system but also exhibit protective effects against fungal and bacterial infections. For example, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species have provided protection against Candida infections in mice with weakened immune systems [5]. Additionally, probiotic bacteria can support gut health by inhibiting the growth and colonization of harmful bacteria [6].

Conclusion

Probiotics are the unsung heroes of our immune system, playing a crucial role in supporting our health. They contribute to our well-being through various mechanisms, including modulating the immune system and exhibiting antiviral and antifungal effects. Recent studies have highlighted the positive effects of probiotics on the immune system and their potential clinical applications. Therefore, further research on the effects of probiotics on health will deepen our understanding in this field.

Disclaimer: The information provided on this blog is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional before making any changes to your diet, lifestyle, or health regimen.

References

1. Medina, M., Izquierdo, E., Izquierdo, E., Ennahar, S., & Sanz, Y. Differential immunomodulatory properties of Bifidobacterium logum strains: relevance to probiotic selection and clinical applications. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 2007; 150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03522.x

2. Alqazlan, N., Alizadeh, M., Boodhoo, N., Taha-Abdelaziz, K., Nagy, E., Bridle, B., & Sharif, S. Probiotic Lactobacilli Limit Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H9N2 Replication in Chicken Cecal Tonsil Mononuclear Cells. Vaccines. 2020; 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040605

3. Deng, J., Li, Y., Zhang, J., & Yang, Q. Co-administration of Bacillus subtilis RJGP16 and Lactobacillus salivarius B1 strongly enhances the intestinal mucosal immunity of piglets.. Research in veterinary science. 2013; 94 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.07.025

4. Ghavami, B., Aghdaei, A., Sorrentino, D., Shahrokh, S., Farmani, M., Ashrafian, F., Dore, M., Raftar, S., Khoramjoo, S., & Zali, M. Probiotic-Induced Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells: A Novel Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158274

5. Wagner, R., Pierson, C., Warner, T., Dohnalek, M., Farmer, J., Roberts, L., Hilty, M., & Balish, E. Biotherapeutic effects of probiotic bacteria on candidiasis in immunodeficient mice. Infection and Immunity. 1997; 65. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.65.10.4165-4172.1997

6. Bartram, E., Asai, M., Gabant, P., & Wigneshweraraj, S. Enhancing the antibacterial function of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle: when less is more. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2023; 89. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00975-23