I used probiotics and experienced digestive issues: What can I do?

Probiotics have become quite popular in recent years due to their beneficial effects on gut health. However, although they are generally considered safe, some individuals may experience digestive system complaints such as gas, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, or abdominal pain after using probiotics. While this may seem surprising at first glance, it is actually quite common and usually temporary. So, what should individuals who experience digestive issues after taking probiotics do? In this blog post, we will provide a comprehensive answer to this question based on scientific studies conducted over the past 10 years.

What Are the Causes of Digestive Issues Associated with Probiotic Use?

Probiotics generally provide beneficial effects by regulating the gut flora; however, in some cases, their effects may be the opposite of what is expected. The causes of digestive problems associated with probiotic use may include:

1. Rapid Change in Gut Microbiota

Probiotics can cause rapid changes in the gut flora. This sudden change can increase gas production in the intestines and lead to symptoms such as bloating, gas, and even mild diarrhea (1).

2. Body Sensitivity and Dosage Issues

Individuals have different gut flora and sensitivities. Therefore, some people may experience adverse reactions when they initially consume high doses of probiotics. This is more common in individuals who are new to probiotic use (2).

3. Reactions Specific to Probiotic Strains

Probiotics contain different types of microorganisms (such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces). Some individuals may be more sensitive to certain probiotic strains, which can lead to digestive system discomfort (3).

What Should You Do If You Experience Digestive Issues After Using Probiotics?

Digestive issues following probiotic use are generally temporary and mild. However, to reduce your symptoms and make the process more comfortable, you can try the following methods:

1. Reduce the Probiotic Dose

If you experience symptoms such as gas, bloating, or mild diarrhea after using probiotics, you should consider reducing the dose of probiotics you are taking as a first step. Studies show that starting with a low dose and gradually increasing it can reduce the risk of such side effects (4).

2. Change the Type of Probiotic

Sometimes the type of probiotic you are using may not be suitable for your body. In such cases, you can switch to alternative products containing different types of probiotics. For example, switching from a product containing Lactobacillus to one containing Bifidobacterium may be beneficial (5).

3. Take a Break from Probiotic Use

If your digestive complaints are very bothersome and reducing the dose or switching to a different type does not resolve the issue, taking a break from probiotic use for a few days or weeks may be a good option. According to research, taking a break from probiotic use may allow time for the gut flora to balance (6).

4. Review Your Dietary Habits

Digestive issues that arise during probiotic use may sometimes be related to other foods consumed. Reducing intake of lactose, fructose, or high-fiber foods during this period may help alleviate digestive discomfort (7).

5. Drink plenty of water and prioritize physical activity

Adequate water intake and regular physical activity are crucial for alleviating digestive system issues. Drinking plenty of water helps the intestines function more effectively and may reduce side effects following probiotic use (8).

When Should You Consult a Doctor?

Digestive issues related to probiotic use are usually temporary. However, you should consult a healthcare professional if you experience any of the following:

• Severe diarrhea, especially if it contains blood or mucus

• Severe abdominal pain that worsens over time

• Additional symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting

• If you have a chronic condition that suppresses your immune system (e.g., cancer, organ transplant, etc.)

Although rare, these conditions may indicate serious health issues and require professional evaluation (9).

Conclusion and Recommendations

Digestive system complaints associated with probiotic use are generally mild, temporary, and manageable. Simple interventions during this process (such as reducing the dose, changing the type, taking a break from use, reviewing your diet, and increasing physical activity) may help reduce these side effects. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, professional medical help should be sought.

Remember, it is now scientifically accepted that probiotics may not be suitable for everyone and can cause side effects in some cases. Therefore, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before starting probiotic supplementation.

Disclaimer: The information provided on this blog is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional before making any changes to your diet, lifestyle, or health regimen.

References

(1) Wilkins T, Sequoia J. Am Fam Physician. 2017;96(3):170-178.

(2) Doron S, Snydman DR. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(Suppl 2):S129-S134.

(3) Plaza-Diaz J et al. Nutrients. 2019;11(1):192.

(4) Hungin APS et al. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;47(8):1054-1070.

(5) Sanders ME et al. Gut Microbes. 2019;10(2):204-217.

(6) Quigley EM. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2019;53(8):616-621.

(7) Dimidi E et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(4):1075-1084.

(8) Axelrod CH, Saps M. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2021;50(1):47-69.

(9) Cohen PA. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(12):1577-1578.